Describe the role of the waving lotion in a perm.

The role of the waving lotion in a perm process is primarily to soften the hair. This softening is a critical step in altering the hair's structure, allowing it to be reshaped into curls or waves. The waving lotion typically contains chemicals, such as ammonium thioglycolate, which break down the disulfide bonds in the hair. By weakening these bonds, the hair becomes pliable enough to take on the new shape created by the perm rods.

While the process of softening the hair is happening, other benefits may arise, such as improved manageability or temporary conditioning effects. However, these are not the primary function of the waving lotion. Instead, the focus on achieving soft, malleable hair is essential for successful curl formation.