In which year was the first machine capable of producing permanent curls invented?

The first machine capable of producing permanent curls was invented in 1905. This innovation marked a significant advancement in hair styling technology, allowing for the creation of curls that could last longer than traditional methods that relied solely on heat or chemical treatments. The invention facilitated the popularization of permanent waves, transforming the beauty industry and enabling hairstylists to offer clients more options for styling their hair with lasting effects. This period was crucial as it laid the groundwork for further developments in perming techniques and the machines used for chemical treatments in salons.