To achieve maximum volume in perming, which tool position should be used?

Using the on-base tool position is the optimal choice for achieving maximum volume during perming. When the rods or rollers are placed on base, the hair is wrapped directly at the scalp level, which lifts the hair from the roots. This positioning results in tighter curls and increased lift, contributing to a more voluminous appearance. The on-base technique allows for the most significant amount of curl formation and height because the curl starts right at the scalp instead of being placed in a lower position.

The other positioning options provide different effects; for instance, off base positions result in less volume since the curl begins to form further away from the scalp, allowing the hair to lay flatter. The half-off base position offers a moderate amount of volume, as it lies between on-base and off-base positions. Under-directed can refer to placements that create a more relaxed style, which again won't achieve the same level of volume as the on-base method.