What can be a result of not using proper neutralizers during a perm?

Not using proper neutralizers during a perm can lead to loose or undefined curls because the neutralizer is essential for stopping the chemical process initiated by the perm solution. When the curl solution is applied, it breaks down the disulfide bonds in the hair, which allows the hair to be reshaped. However, the neutralizer is what re-establishes those disulfide bonds in their new, curled position.

If the neutralizer is not used correctly or is skipped entirely, the hair may not undergo the complete bonding process needed to hold the curls firmly in place. As a result, the hair could remain too soft and fail to lock into the desired curl formation, leading to an appearance that is loose or undefined. Proper neutralization ensures that the newly shaped curls are stable and maintain their form, preventing the hair from reverting to its original texture or losing its structure.