What is the effect of high pH on hair during the perm process?

During the perm process, the effect of high pH is significant primarily because it causes the hair cuticle to swell. This swelling is crucial as it allows the perming solution to penetrate the hair shaft more effectively. When the pH is elevated, the alkaline nature of the solution opens up the cuticle, making the hair more porous. This is necessary for breaking down the disulfide bonds in the hair, which is an essential part of the perming process that facilitates the reshaping of the hair into curls or waves.

Understanding the role of pH in hair treatment not only highlights how hair structure interacts with chemical solutions but also emphasizes the importance of proper pH balance in achieving desired results without compromising hair integrity.