What is the initial step in both perm and relaxer procedures?

The initial step in both perm and relaxer procedures involves applying a protective serum. This is crucial because these chemical processes can potentially damage the hair and scalp; the protective serum serves as a barrier, helping to shield the hair from the harsh effects of the chemicals used during the treatment. It helps to lock in moisture and can prevent the hair from becoming overly dry or brittle during these processes.

While conducting a patch test is important to check for allergic reactions to the chemicals, it is not the first step in the procedure itself. Washing the hair thoroughly is typically done before applying any chemicals, but again, it isn't the initial step and does not provide protection during the application. Sectioning the hair is a step taken after preparation to ensure even application of the chemicals but does not address the protective needs of the hair prior to the chemical application. Thus, the application of a protective serum is rightly considered the foundational step in initiating the perm and relaxer processes.